Cisco Router IOS , Types of interface or ports or connectors in Router , Router has different prompt or different modes to work

Cisco  Router  IOS (Internetwork Operating System)

Router is networking device  use to connect the different network ID. It is WAN device and it can stop broadcasting. It generally has serial interface card or WIC (WAN Interface Card), memory,  Power button,  Console port (configuration port) and work on layer 3 (Network Layer) of OSI model.  Router has multiple broadcast domains and multiple collision domains.

Router has IOS which is network operating system and it is very friendly.

Some of the characteristics of IOS are :-

1. It can understand partial language

                   en <┘  (enable)

                   sh <┘  (show)

                   conf  <┘  (configure)

2. ?  for help

3. TAB key is use to complete any command.

          en + TAB  (enable)

4. Ctrl + C  (to abort)

5. Ctrl + Z  (^Z to save configuration in volatile memory or DRAM)

6. wr <┘  (Write Memory  is use to save configuration in non-volatile memory or NVRAM)

7. Ctrl + Shift +6   or  Ctrl  + Shift  + x  is Escape Sequence

Types of interface or ports or connectors in Router :-

1. Fixed interface   (Onboard)     Ethernet 1

2. Modular interface  (External card)     Ethernet 1/1

Router connector :-

1. Power 

2. Console port   (Router to computer or Hyperterminal)

3. Ethernet   (Router  to LAN )

NOTE:

Ethernet = 10Mbps,  FastEthernet=100Mbps,  GigaEthernet=1000Mbps

4. Serial or WIC  (Router to Router)

5. BRI or PRI     (Router to ISDN line)

6. AUX  (Router to MODEM)

7. AUI  (Router to transceiver or LAN)

Router has different prompt or different modes to work :-

1.  Usermode  or Console mode        R>   (R is hostname)

It is read only mode and use to check the basic configuration of router.

2. Privilege mode or Hash mode        R#

It is use to see and copy the router configuration.

3. Global Configuration mode       R(config)#

It is use to work on router or to change any configuration.  It has around 20 more modes like  Interface mode   R(config-if)#

NOTE: Router also have rommon mode which is maintenance mode of router.

          rommon 1>     or    >

Command  use for usermode and privilege mode :-

1.  show  ip  interface brief   <┘  (check interface type and IP address)

2.  show interface   <┘   

          or   show interface  serial 1  <┘   (check network prefix, bandwidth, IP address,                                                                                           encapsulation protocol)

3.  show controllers  <┘

                   or  show controllers  serial 1  <┘  (check serial cable)

4.  show version   <┘  (check router model, IOS version, config-register number etc.)

5.  show flash  <┘  (check  IOS image name)

6.  show  clock    <┘  (check time)

7.  ping   10.1.1.1   <┘  (check network connection)

8.  telnet   10.1.1.1   <┘  (create remote session)

Command use for privilege mode only :-

1. R# show running-config   <┘  (check DRAM or temporary settings or volatile memory)

2. R# show startup-config   <┘(check NVRAM or permanent settings or non-volatile memory)

3. R# wr  <┘  (Write Memory is use to save configuration in NVRAM)

4. R# reload   <┘  (to restart router)

5. R# copy   startup-config    running-config   <┘

                             (source)     (destination)

6. R# copy  running-config     startup-config     <┘     (   or R#wr  <┘)

NOTE:

We can use  " do " to run usermode and privilege mode commands on Global mode

R(config)# do   show version   <┘

To connect router :-

1.  Hyperterminal or console port

2. Telnet or SSH

3. Web browser or SDM

To start router :-

Open Hyperterminal or Download putty.exe for Hyperterminal

Router>  enable   <┘

Router# configure   terminal    <┘

Router(config)# exit   <┘

NOTE: By default hostname of router is  " Router "

To change hostname :-

R(config)# hostname  XYZ1  <┘

To assign IP address :-

R# show  ip  interface brief  <┘  (check interface type and IP address)

R# configure    terminal    <┘

R(config)# interface   fastethernet  0/0   <┘

R(config-if)# ip address    2.2.2.2     255.0.0.0    <┘

R(config-if)# no   shutdown    <┘(By default all interface are shutdown or disable in router)

                   # ^Z

NOTE: We cannot assign same network ID for different interface of router.

To set clock time :-

R# show   clock   <┘

R# clock   set   16:30:00   6  April   2014   <┘

                       (hh:mm:ss for UTC)

To set banner or message of the day :-

R(config)# banner   motd  %  Hello   %    <┘

                                      (where   %   is delimiting character)