Cisco Router
IOS (Internetwork Operating System)
Router
is networking device use to connect the
different network ID. It is WAN device and it can stop broadcasting. It
generally has serial interface card or WIC (WAN Interface Card), memory, Power button,
Console port (configuration port) and work on layer 3 (Network Layer) of
OSI model. Router has multiple broadcast
domains and multiple collision domains.
Router
has IOS which is network operating system and it is very friendly.
Some of the characteristics of IOS are :-
1.
It can understand partial language
en <┘ (enable)
sh <┘ (show)
conf <┘
(configure)
2.
? for help
3.
TAB key is use to complete any command.
en + TAB (enable)
4.
Ctrl + C (to abort)
5.
Ctrl + Z (^Z to save configuration in
volatile memory or DRAM)
6.
wr <┘ (Write Memory is use to save configuration in non-volatile
memory or NVRAM)
7.
Ctrl + Shift +6 or Ctrl +
Shift + x is Escape Sequence
Types of interface or ports or connectors in Router :-
1.
Fixed interface (Onboard) Ethernet 1
2.
Modular interface (External card) Ethernet 1/1
Router connector :-
1.
Power
2.
Console port (Router to computer or
Hyperterminal)
3.
Ethernet (Router to LAN )
NOTE:
Ethernet
= 10Mbps, FastEthernet=100Mbps, GigaEthernet=1000Mbps
4.
Serial or WIC (Router to Router)
5.
BRI or PRI (Router to ISDN line)
6.
AUX (Router to MODEM)
7.
AUI (Router to transceiver or LAN)
Router has different prompt or different modes to work :-
1. Usermode
or Console mode R> (R is hostname)
It
is read only mode and use to check the basic configuration of router.
2.
Privilege mode or Hash mode R#
It
is use to see and copy the router configuration.
3.
Global Configuration mode R(config)#
It
is use to work on router or to change any configuration. It has around 20 more modes like Interface mode R(config-if)#
NOTE:
Router also have rommon mode which is maintenance mode of router.
rommon 1> or
>
Command use for usermode and
privilege mode :-
1. show
ip interface brief <┘
(check interface type and IP address)
2.
show interface <┘
or
show interface serial 1 <┘
(check network prefix, bandwidth, IP address, encapsulation
protocol)
3. show controllers <┘
or show controllers serial 1
<┘ (check serial cable)
4.
show version <┘
(check router model, IOS version, config-register number etc.)
5. show flash
<┘ (check IOS image name)
6. show
clock <┘ (check time)
7. ping 10.1.1.1 <┘
(check network connection)
8. telnet
10.1.1.1 <┘ (create remote session)
Command use for privilege mode only :-
1.
R# show running-config <┘ (check DRAM or temporary settings or volatile
memory)
2.
R# show startup-config <┘(check
NVRAM or permanent settings or non-volatile memory)
3.
R# wr <┘ (Write Memory is use to save configuration in
NVRAM)
4.
R# reload <┘ (to restart router)
5.
R# copy startup-config running-config <┘
(source) (destination)
6.
R# copy running-config startup-config <┘
( or R#wr <┘)
NOTE:
We
can use " do " to run usermode
and privilege mode commands on Global mode
R(config)#
do show version <┘
To connect router :-
1. Hyperterminal or console port
2.
Telnet or SSH
3.
Web browser or SDM
To start router :-
Open
Hyperterminal or Download putty.exe for Hyperterminal
Router> enable
<┘
Router#
configure terminal <┘
Router(config)#
exit <┘
NOTE:
By default hostname of router is "
Router "
To
change hostname :-
R(config)#
hostname XYZ1 <┘
To
assign IP address :-
R#
show ip
interface brief <┘ (check interface type and IP address)
R#
configure terminal <┘
R(config)#
interface fastethernet 0/0
<┘
R(config-if)#
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0 <┘
R(config-if)#
no shutdown <┘(By default all interface are shutdown
or disable in router)
# ^Z
NOTE:
We cannot assign same network ID for different interface of router.
To
set clock time :-
R#
show clock <┘
R#
clock set 16:30:00
6 April 2014
<┘
(hh:mm:ss for UTC)
To
set banner or message of the day :-
R(config)#
banner motd %
Hello % <┘
(where % is
delimiting character)
