What is Dynamic Routing

Dynamic Routing

It means route will be defined by the routing protocol automatically. It is use in large networks and complex networks. It has fault tolerance or redundancy.  There are different protocols for dynamic routing :-

(a) RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

Characteristics of RIP are  :-

1. RIP is Classful routing protocol.

2. It does not check congestion.

3. It is Distance Vector Routing Protocol.

4. Port no. is 520

5. AD = 120

6. Maximum hop count = 15

7. There are 2 versions of RIP

8. Update timer = 30 seconds

9. Hold Down timer = 180 seconds

10. Invalid timer = 180 seconds

11. Flush timer = 240 seconds

12. It use hop count as its Metric.

13. It can be use in small network.

14. It can distribute the available bandwidth equally up to 4 routers only.

NOTE: RIP routing is known as " Routing by Rumors "

To configure RIP :-

R1# show  ip  route  <┘            C  10.0.0.0

                                                C  200.1.1.0

R1# config   t  <┘

R1(config)# router   rip   <┘

              (  # version 2  or  #  no version 2    )

                   # network  10.0.0.0   <┘

                   # network  200.1.1.0    <┘

                   # ^Z

R2# show  ip  route   <┘    C   20.0.0.0

                                         C  100.0.0.0

                                         C  200.1.1.0

R2# config   t

R2(config)# router  rip   <┘

                   # network   20.0.0.0

                   # network   100.0.0.0

                   # network   200.1.1.0

                   # ^Z

R3# show  ip  route                  C   30.0.0.0

                                                C  100.0.0.0

                                                C  150.160.0.0

R3# config   t

          # router   rip

          #  network  30.0.0.0

          # network   100.0.0.0

          # network   150.160.0.0

          # ^Z                    

R4# show ip  route                   C   40.0.0.0

                                      C  150.160.0.0

          #config  t

R4(config)# router  rip   <┘

          # network   40.0.0.0

          # network  150.160.0.0

          # ^Z

         

(b) EIGRP (Enhance Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

Characteristics of EIGRP  :-

1. EIGRP is classless routing protocol

2. It is hybrid distance vector routing protocol, also having features of Link State Routing Protocol

3. Port no. 88

4. AD = 90

5. Maximum hop count = 224, by default 100

6. Metric = ( Bandwidth + Delay ) X 256

7. It is Cisco proprietary protocol

8. It use Autonomous System numbers  1  to  65535 and must be same on both routers.

9. It does not have update timer but hello interval is 5 seconds and hold down timer is 15 seconds

          ( or Hello X 3 )

10. It use multicast updates

11. It use incremental updates

12. It  use RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol). RTP is Cisco proprietary protocol and use 5 types of packets  -  Hello,  Acknowledgement,  Query,  Reply and Update

13. We can also use Wildcard Mask but not compulsory with EIGRP.

14. It can support load balancing of bandwidth which means unequal distribution of bandwidth.

NOTE:

To check bandwidth :-    R# show interface   s0/0    <┘

To change bandwidth :-           R(config)# interface  s0/0     <┘

                                      R(config-if)# bandwidth   512    <┘ (it is 512 Kbps, by default 1544 Kbps)

                                                          # ^Z

15. EIGRP   use dual infinite algorithm which means it try to maintain two routes, if available, one is current route and another is backup route .

NOTE:  EIGRP can also use  Congestion, AD and MTU

Terms use in EIGRP are :-

1. Successor                                      It means current route

2. FS (Feasible Successor)        It means backup route

3. FD (Feasible Distance)                   It means distance between source and destination.

4. RD (Reported Distance)        It is distance which is advertise by the upcoming neighbour. It is also                                                      known as  AD (Advertising Distance)

5. Passive State                        It means when all routes are working properly.

6. Active State or Active route   It means EIGRP is searching for the best route and connection is not                                                   working.

To configure  EIGRP :-

R1#  show ip route    <┘       C   10.0.0.0

                                                C  200.1.1.0

R1# configure  terminal    <┘

          # router    eigrp    5   <┘  (AS number 1  to  65535)

          # network  10.0.0.0     <┘

          # network 200.1.1.0    <┘

          # ^Z